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Chapter 13
Tsze-lu asked about government. The Master said, "Go before the people with your
example, and be laborious in their affairs."
He requested further instruction, and was answered, "Be not weary in these
things."
Chung-kung, being chief minister to the head of the Chi family, asked about
government. The Master said, "Employ first the services of your various
officers, pardon small faults, and raise to office men of virtue and talents."
Chung-kung said, "How shall I know the men of virtue and talent, so that I may
raise them to office?" He was answered, "Raise to office those whom you know. As
to those whom you do not know, will others neglect them?"
Tsze-lu said, "The ruler of Wei has been waiting for you, in order with you to
administer the government. What will you consider the first thing to be done?"
The Master replied, "What is necessary is to rectify names." "So! indeed!" said
Tsze-lu. "You are wide of the mark! Why must
there be such rectification?"
The Master said, "How uncultivated you are, Yu! A superior man, in regard to
what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve.
"If names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of
things. If language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs
cannot be carried on to success.
"When affairs cannot be carried on to success, proprieties
and music do not flourish. When proprieties and music do not flourish,
punishments will not be properly awarded. When punishments are not
properly awarded, the people do not know how to move hand or foot.
The duke then said, "Is there a single sentence which can ruin a country?"
Confucius replied, "Such an effect as that cannot be expected from one sentence.
There is, however, the saying which people have-'I have no pleasure in being a
prince, but only in that no one can offer any opposition to what I say!' |
The Master said, "The superior man is affable, but not adulatory; the mean man
is adulatory, but not affable."
Tsze-kung asked, saying, "What do you say of a man who is loved by all the
people of his neighborhood?" The Master replied, "We may not for that accord our
approval of him." "And what do you say of him who is hated by all the people of
his neighborhood?" The Master said, "We may not for that conclude that he is
bad. It is better than either of these cases that the good in the neighborhood
love him, and the bad hate him."
The Master said, "The superior man is easy to serve and difficult to please. If
you try to please him in any way which is not accordant with right, he will not
be pleased. But in his employment of men, he uses them according to their
capacity. The mean man is difficult to serve, and easy to please. If you try to
please him, though it be in a way which is not accordant with right, he may be
pleased. But in his employment of men, he wishes them to be equal to
everything."
The Master said, "The superior man has a dignified ease without pride. The mean
man has pride without a dignified ease."
The Master said, "The firm, the enduring, the simple, and the modest are near to
virtue."
Tsze-lu asked, saying, "What qualities must a man possess to entitle him to be
called a scholar?" The Master said, "He must be thus,-earnest, urgent, and
bland:-among his friends, earnest and urgent; among his brethren, bland."
The Master said, "Let a good man teach the people seven years, and they may then
likewise be employed in war."
The Master said, "To lead an uninstructed people to war, is to throw them away."
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