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Chapter 11
The Master said, "The men of former times in the matters of ceremonies and music
were rustics, it is said, while the men of these latter times, in ceremonies and
music, are accomplished gentlemen.
"If I have occasion to use those things, I follow the men of former times."
The Master said, "Of those who were with me in Ch'an and Ts'ai, there are none
to be found to enter my door." Chi K'ang asked which of the disciples loved to learn.
Confucius replied to him, "There was Yen Hui; he loved to learn.
Unfortunately his appointed time was short, and he died. Now there is no
one who loves to learn, as he did." The disciple Min was standing by his side, looking bland
and precise; Tsze-lu, looking bold and soldierly; Zan Yu and Tsze-kung,
with a free and straightforward manner. The Master was pleased. |
The Master was put in fear in K'wang and Yen Yuan fell behind. The Master, on
his rejoining him, said, "I thought you had died." Hui replied, "While you were
alive, how should I presume to die?"
Chi Tsze-zan asked whether Chung Yu and Zan Ch'iu could be called great
ministers.
The Master said, "I thought you would ask about some extraordinary individuals,
and you only ask about Yu and Ch'iu!
"What is called a great minister, is one who serves his prince according to what
is right, and when he finds he cannot do so, retires.
"Now, as to Yu and Ch'iu, they may be called ordinary ministers." Tsze-zan said,
"Then they will always follow their chief;-win they?" The Master said, "In an
act of parricide or regicide, they would not
follow him."
Tsze-lu got Tsze-kao appointed governor of Pi. The Master said, "You are
injuring a man's son." Tsze-lu said, "There are, there, common people and
officers; there
are the altars of the spirits of the land and grain. Why must one read books
before he can be considered to have learned?"
The Master said, "It is on this account that I hate your glib-tongued people."
Tsze-lu, Tsang Hsi, Zan Yu, and Kunghsi Hwa were sitting by the Master.
He said to them, "Though I am a day or so older than you, do not think of that.
"From day to day you are saying, 'We are not known.' If some ruler were to know
you, what would you like to do?"
Tsze-lu hastily and lightly replied, "Suppose the case of a state of ten
thousand chariots; let it be straitened between other large cities; let it be
suffering from invading armies; and to this let there be added a famine in corn
and in all vegetables:-if I were intrusted with the government of it, in three
years' time I could make the people to be bold, and to recognize the rules of
righteous conduct." The Master smiled at him.
Turning to Yen Yu, he said, "Ch'iu, what are your wishes?" Ch'iu replied,
"Suppose a state of sixty or seventy li square, or one of fifty or sixty, and
let me have the government of it;-in three years' time, I could make plenty to
abound among the people. As to teaching them the principles of propriety, and
music, I must wait for the rise of a superior man to do that."
"What are your wishes, Ch'ih," said the Master next to Kung-hsi Hwa. Ch'ih
replied, "I do not say that my ability extends to these things, but I should
wish to learn them. At the services of the ancestral temple, and at the
audiences of the princes with the sovereign, I should like, dressed in the dark
square-made robe and the black linen cap, to act as a small assistant."
Last of all, the Master asked Tsang Hsi, "Tien, what are your wishes?" Tien,
pausing as he was playing on his lute, while it was yet twanging, laid the
instrument aside, and "My wishes," he said, "are different from the cherished
purposes of these three gentlemen." "What harm is there in that?" said the
Master; "do you also, as well as they, speak out your wishes." Tien then said,
"In this, the last month of spring, with the dress of the season all complete,
along with five or six young men who have assumed the cap, and six or seven
boys, I would wash in the I, enjoy the breeze among the rain altars, and return
home singing." The Master heaved a sigh and said, "I give my approval to Tien."
The three others having gone out, Tsang Hsi remained behind, and said, "What do
you think of the words of these three friends?" The Master replied, "They simply
told each one his wishes."
Hsi pursued, "Master, why did you smile at Yu?" He was answered, "The management
of a state demands the rules of
propriety. His words were not humble; therefore I smiled at him."
Hsi again said, "But was it not a state which Ch'iu proposed for himself?" The
reply was, "Yes; did you ever see a territory of sixty or seventy li or one of
fifty or sixty, which was not a state?"
Once more, Hsi inquired, "And was it not a state which Ch'ih proposed for
himself?" The Master again replied, "Yes; who but princes have to do with
ancestral temples, and with audiences but the sovereign? If Ch'ih were to be a
small assistant in these services, who could be a great one?
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